Apparatus for heating fluids.



E. C. NEWCOMB.

APPARATUS FOR HEATING FLUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE26,1900.

1,008,358. Patented N0v.14, 1911.

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E U. NEWOOMB. \APPARATUS FOR HEATING FLUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 2611960.

1,008,358. Patented N011. 14, 1911.

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E. G. NEWUOMB. APPARATUS FOR HEATING FLUIDS.

APPL IOATION FILED JUNE26.19DU.

Patented Nov. 14, 1911.

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E. C. NEWGOMB.

APPARATUS FOR HEATING FLUIDS. APPLICATION FILED 1111111 26, 1900.

1,008,358. Patented Nov. 14, 1911.

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wnnassss: y 7 'INVENTOR MzzW-M BY /du7vu V 1 4% AT RNEYJ" mm STATES PATENTOFFIOE.

EDWARD c. nnwcomn, or NORTH scrrna'rn, massacnusn'r'rs, assxenon or "rmmm rnrrns 'ro rmmr van vonxrmnuaen, or new Yonx, N. Y.

ry1ng= out the method which is made the arraiuvrus For. HEATING rL Un'Js.

To'cill whom 'it 1120 concern: 7

Be it known t at I, EDWARD C. NEW- co'iun, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of- North Scituate, Plymouth county, and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ap amt-us for Heating Fluids, of which the following is a specification.

especial object to provide apparatus for carsubject-matter of a companion application filed contemporaneously herewit No. 21,617 to which reference is made for a more complete disclosure of such method than appears herein.

More particularly, my

I has for an object to provide an a paratus by which a supply of a heated flui may be economically maintained at a uniform'ten pera ture, and in the case of a gaseous or expansive fluid at a uniform pressure also,

notwithstanding greatly and instantly var in demands upon that suppl lVhile apparatus designe uses, as for heating air or water for domes tic or other purposes may be constructed in accordance with 'my invention, the special object of my invention is to provide an apparatus for the generation of steam or'vapor without the employment of any considerable amount of active reserve 'ener y either. in theform of a highly heated, liquid under eat ressure or in the form of .a highlyeate body of metal or other substance; and, also, to provide an 'ap aratus ,for which, nevertheless, a supply 0 steam perature, an

or vapor may be economically and reliably and positive] maintained at a uniform temd preferably in a highly supereated condition, and preferably at a uniform pressure also, irres ective of any demand that. may be mae ,on that supplyresent invention relates to the heat- .ing 0 fluids generally, and'it has for its Serial 'larly desi e or vapor or use in driving engines.

present invention for various Specification of Letters Patent. Patented NOV. 14, 1911. Application filed June '26, 1900. Serial No. 21,816. 7i

which issensibly instantaneous in itsability to accurately adgust itself to greatly varying loads or deman s upon it, also one which is efiicient in the consumption of fuel and economical in the use of feed water; and to otherwise sim lify and render'more ractical the use 0 steam, and especially 'ghly supfrheated steam for power purposes.

y invention consists in the novel apparatus herein described.

, The accompanying drawings, which are illustrate one'em'bodiment of m the form of a paratus shown being particufor the generation of steam .In the drawings in which like reference numeralswhere-verthey occur refer to like parts, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic viewpartly inside e evation and partly in section, of the complete apparatus; Fig. 2 is'a vertical a part central section of a' boiler formin of the apparatus; Fig.3 is a vertica central section of a thermostat used inconnection with the apparatus; Fig. 4 is a transverse section of the same on the line AB .of Fig.

3; Fig. 5 is a sectional detail view of the 'pumps forming a part of the ap aratus; 'Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are similar views 1 Iustrating various forms of the mechanism for automatically regulating the flow of the fuel; Fig. 9 is a sectional view of a detail; and Fig. 10 is a view similar tothat of Fig. l showing a modified arrangement of the apparatus; Referring to the drawingsin detail, 1

represents a -boiler which should have a large heating surface in proportion to its cubic capacity. As shown infyFi 2, the boiler comprises a continuous length of pipe 1' of suitable material as drawn seamless steel tubing, which is coiled in a plurality of flat spiral coils arranged in series one a via another.

The boiler 1 is provided with a eed pipe 2 and a delivery pipe 3. The boileris arrangedin a combustion chamber formed the cylindrical wall 40f suitable heat insulating material,.as asbestos. The wall 4 of the combustion chamber is inclosed b a cylindrical casing 5, which casing to et er with the wall tforms an annular disc arge passage 6' for the. products of combustion,

which finally find their escape through the chimney The combustion chamber is referred to herein and form a part hereof, invention,

' through a ,is (provided to heat closed at the to by a suitable heat insulated plateS which orms the top of the casing 5. The vertical opening formed by the center of the coils of the boiler is filled by a suitable casing 9 to avoid the formation of a chimney in the combustion chamber, thus compellin the flame to pass upward through the coils, the convolutio'ns of, which are preferably staggered as shown, to expose as much surface as possible to theaction of the flame. The flame is supplied by a burner 10 arranged at the tion chamber and consisting as shown, of a pair of plates 11 and 12 separated to form a mixing chamber 13 for the gas or vapor and air to be burned. The upper plate 11 is perforated to permit the flow of the mixture of vapor and air from the burner, and suitable'passages-l l'are provided through the chamber 13 to supply-the air necessary to support the combustion.

Fuel in the form of an oil, such as kerosene, is supplied from a suitable reservoir 15 pipe 16 to a vaporizing coil 17 located in the vicinity of .the burner 10, and preferably in an'opening formed in the center thereof, as shown. From the coil 17, the vapor is conveyed through a pipe 18 to a mixer 19, which discharges into the chamber 13 of the burner 10.

the vaporizing coil 17 also to act as a pilot light for the burner 10. The burner 20 through a branch 21' of the pipe 18, and the flow of vapor to saidburner 20 is regulated by a suitable valve 22. -Air is mixed with the vapor supplied through valve 22 in a mixmg chamber 23 formed by the lower part of the burner 20. The pipe 21 is preferably passed through a trough 24 formed around,

thetop of the burner 20, said trough being adapted to hold a small quantity of combustible fluid, such as naphtha or alcohol which is burned, to vaporize the liquid fuel in the pipe 21 when the apparatus is started up.

Where kerosene carbon is used, it is oil or a similar hydrodesirable to heat the air fed to the burners to insure complete com-- bustion and avoid noxious odors. This is done, in the form of apparatus shown, by

forming an annular air feed chamber 25 around the casing 5 of the-generator. The

chamber 25 is formed between the casing 5 and an outer casing 26, 27. The lower casmg 27 inclosesboth burners 10 and 20, and the chamber thus formed supplies the air which is mixed with the vapor 1n both burners as well as the air which supports thecombus tion. -It will be seen that the chamber 25 not only prevents the formation of noxious v odors by heating all the'air fed to the burners, but it prevents the objectionable escape of heat from the furnace of the generator to surrounding objects, and it also bottom of the 'combus-,

An auxiliary burner 20" is supplied with vapor determined uniform amount.

prevents'the flame of the burners from being extinguished or misapplied by the wind or external drafts of air.

In the form of apparatus shown, the steam generated in the boiler is employed for drivmg an engine 30, which may be of any suit able type, but it preferably is ,of a type adapted to economically utilize steam in a highly superheated condition, as say at a temperature of from 450 to 550 degrees F. The steam is supplied to the engine through pipe 3, and the exhaust steam is conveyed by a pipe 31 through a feed water heater-32 of any suitable construction, to the combustion chamber of the boiler. The pipe 31 preferably communicates with an annular pipe arranged in the top'of the combustion chamber and having a multiplicity of perforations discharging directly into the top of the annular chamber 5, as shown. By reason of this construction, the exhaust steam is intimately commingled with a lar e volume of the products of combustion immediately upon their leaving the furnace, and suflicient time is given for the particles of steam to become highly superheated or entirely absorbed by the heated air and products of combust-ion in the chamber 6 so that the exhaust steam will be invisible when 'discharged from the chimney 7.

An important feature of my invention is found ip the manner of feeding the water to theboiler. In the form of apparatus shown in Fig. 1, this feature is accomplished by an air chamber 35 which communicates with the 100 feed pipe 2, and in which a pressure greater than the working pressure of the boiler is maintained, The air chamber 35 may be .made sufficiently large to supply water under uniform pressure" to feed the 105 a practically boller for a predetermined period without recourse to any means for continuously keeping the pressure up, .or the pressure in the air chamber may be renewed at intervals by anysuitable means-as by-a hand pum I prefer, howeventoprovide means for eeping the pressure in sald chamber up to a pre- The means shown for maintaining the pressure in the air chamber consists of a continuously operated by the engine 30. This pump is supplied from a tank 38 by aipe 39, and is connected with the air chamer 35 by a. pipe 40. The pump 37 comprises a plunger 41 operating in a cylinder 42. The 120 bore of the cylinder communicates with a valve chamber 43 in which is located an mlet valve 44. The valve chamber 43 communicates with the pipe40 by a discharge passage in which is located the outlet valve 45. 125

A relief valve 46 also communicates with the valve chamber 43, and said valve-46 is so regulated and controlled by the adjustablv confined compression spring 47 thatzwhei the pressure In the valve chamber 43 ex- 130 pump 37 which is pipe 3, inwhic ce'eds the desired predetermined amount the relief valve 46 opens and permits the water to escape by the pipe 48 back into the suppl v ipe 39. The capacity'of the pump should 5 such as to supply the maximum demand for water by the boiler.

From the chamber water isadmitted to the boiler when required through a' valve 49, which is normally closed and arranged to be automatically opened whenever the steam issuing from'the boiler reaches a pre-- i should be partly, filled with a liquid which at atmospheric pressure-is vaporized at a much lower temperature than the temperature at which it is desired to deliver the steam fromthe boiler so thatthe heat of {the steam will produce a very high pressure in the receptacle 51. When it is desired to deliver the steam in a highly superheated condition, water may be used in the receptacle 51. The receptacle 51 may be pro-.

| vided withiexternal ribs52 and internal ribs 53, or it may be corrugated or otherwise constructed to present a large heating surface both to the steam on the outside thereof and to the water on the inside thereof. The- .receptacle may be provided with an opening 54; through which it may be refilled, said opening eing closed when the device is in use by a screw 55, as shown. The receptacle communicates by means. of "a pipe;

I 56 with a suitable motor device 57 adapted to operate the valve 49. As shown,'this device consists of a piston 58 mounted in a cylinder 59 and arranged to impinge upon and depress the stem of the valve49. To

prevent leakage around the piston 58 under the high pressure created in the thermostat the piston is provided with an elongated tubular rearward extension 60, which accurately fits the interior of the cylinder 59, and the rearward port-ions of said parts are filled with a ve' heavy and viscid sub stance which wil not readily leak out.

around the el ongated bearing between the piston 58 and its extension 60 and the bore of the cylinder 59, even un er very high pressure. The end of the pipe 56 is extended through the viscid-substance in the cylinder into the forward part of the opening in the cylinder.v which part of the cylinder is filled with a thinner liquid which will readil 'flow' through the pipe 56. Care shoul betaken to prevent the two liquids invthe device from mixing and to keep them in the proper ends ofthe-device. This may done by apiston like partition 61, or two 'pacity. of the apparatus.

, a a liquids which will not mix and which have different specific gravities may be used, and the device, so positioned that the lighter liquid will be at the top. For example, the device may be, arranged in the position shown, and an oil used for the viscid substance and water for the other. An opening closed by a screw plug 62 maybe provided through which to refill the rear end of the chamber when the supply ofliquid therein becomes depleted through leakage, and in order to preventtoo much of the viscid substance being put into the device the partition 61 is preferably used and a stop ,63 is provided, 'said stop being most conveniently formed. by a shoulder an the interior of the tubular section 60 of the piston 58. The stop 63 will efliciently limit the size of the chamber which may be filled with the viscid substance. The device being always filled when the apparatus is inactive and the piston is at the upper limit of itsstroke, enough of a the viscidsubstance cannot be forced into the device to interfere with-its operation. Where a very thick substance, as paraflin is used, it may be melted to facilitate its insertioninto the device. ranged to be opened by an inward movement. of its stem and is, preferably, as

shown, of such form that the area; of the opening therethrough varies directly with is. normally closed by aflhea spring. 65, which is adjustably confined be weena stop; 66 on the valve stem'and the top of the casing of the valve 49 under such compression The valve 49 is artheamonnt of its movement. The valve 49 that it will hold the valve closed .until a very high pressure 'is developed in the reeeptacle 51. The cylinder 59 is connected with the casing of the valve 49 by a strong" connection 67. It will be seen that the device thus described constitutes a saturatedvapoiatension thermostat, and vy hil'e other forms of thermostats might be used, this type is preferred on account of its extreme sensitiveness. This sensitiveness is due to the fact that the pressure exerted by a saturated'vapor in a closed vessel at high temperatures varies through a wide range with slight variations in the temperature. For example, saturated steam at a temperature (#490 Rexerts a pressure of 665.7 lbsper sq. in. while" at a temperature'of 500 F.

the pressure is 7363 lbs. and .1 a

pressure is 813 lbs.. It will be seen that the devicedescribed at 510 F. the

' will act to very accurately regulate thede-- gree of superheat'at which the steam is delivered from the boiler, and that the prede termined temperature willbe maintained irrespective of the pressure of the steam in the boiler, and irrespective of theamount of the steam taken therefrom within the ca also, that the regulation of the superheat of It will be seen,-'

as to maintain the new level of the vapor" ing part of the boller.

the steam will be effected by varying the area of the heatin surface of the superheat- Thus, supposingthe temperature of the steambeing delivered at any time is below the desired pre-determined degree. The valve 49 will then be closed by the spring 65 and the quantity of water in the boiler will be reduced by evaporation until the heating surface of the steam space or superheating part of theboiler is seenlarged as to bring the temperature of the steam up to the pre-determined degree of superheat. The valve 49 will then be so operated by the thermostat as to maintain the Water in the boiler at the new level as long as the conditions are unchanged. Supposing now, on the other hand, that, through some change in the conditions, the steam flowing from the boiler is too hot. The valve 49 will then be so opened by the thermostat as, toincrease the quantity of water in the boiler until the heating surface of the steam space 1s so reduced as to bring the temperature of the steam down to tlre predetermined degree of superheat. The valve 49 will then be so operated by the thermostat producing substance until the conditions are ,again changed;

In order to maintain the steam in the boiler at the desired uniform ressure, how ever, a proper relation must e maintained between the flow of fuel and the flow of fluid through the boiler, and the manner in which this is done constitutes an important feature of my invention. This is preferably done by utilizing the variations in some state or condition of the fluid in the boiler or of the steam flowing therefrom, or of the waterflowing thereto. For example, the differential pressures caused by-the 'flow of the v steam or of the water through a restricted passage, or, in a boiler of the type described, the direct variations in the boiler pressure,

or variations in the temperature under proper conditions 'may. be resorted to for this purpose. With the apparatus arranged, as so far described, I prefer to regulate the v flow of fuel by utilizing for that purpose the direct variations in the pressure of the fluid in the boiler. This is accomplished by the device illustrated in Fig. 6. This device consists of a cylinder which is placed in communication at one end by a pipe 71"wit h.

any convenient part of the boiler, as by way of pipe 3. The cylinder 70 may be open at the opposite end. A piston 72 is mounted in the cylinder 70 and is connected in any suitable way as through a piston 78 and a rod 73. withthe operat ng arm 74 of a. valve 7 5 located in the vapor conveying pipe 18. The valve 75 should be so constructed that the area of the opening-therein, varies directly with the extent of movement of the arm 74. Such a valve i'sindicated inFig. 9,'in which 75 is aconical valve arranged to cooperate with a correspondingly tapered seat, the valve 75 being moved with relation to its seat, as the arm 74 is turned, by means of an accurately cut thread on its stem, which,

thread engages a corresponding thread in the valve casing. The piston 72 is impelled toward the closed end of the cylinder 70 by a force which issensibly'uniform and equal to the force exerted on the piston 72 by the fluid pressure in the cylinder 70. This force may be developed in any convenientmanner. Preferably, and as shown, it is created by the fluid pressure which is developed, as

hereinafter described, tofmaintain a uniform pressure on the fuel supply. This pressure is communicated to a cylinder 76 through a pipe 77 and is exerted upon a piston 78 mounted 'in' the cylinder 76 and connected to the piston 72, as shown. When the piston 72 is at the inner limit of its stroke and the piston 78 is at the outer limit of its stroke, the valve 75 is fully open.

When steam is drawn from the boiler it will be seen that by reason of the small amount of reserve energy the pressure will immediately fall, free communication to the boiler of the pressure in the air chamber 35 the-pistons will move in a direction to diis stopped to keep the pressure in the boiler It will thus be 7 up to the normal amount. seen that when the apparatus is inactive, a small normal flow of fuel will be automatically maintained and that the amount thereof will be automatically regulated. As the pressure in the boiler is dependent upon the pressure which is maintained on the fuel supply, when this form of regulator is. used,

pistons 72 and 78 should the areas of the. bear the proportion that it is desired to I maintain between the pressure in the boiler and the ressure on the'fuel supply.

In or er to preventthe slight irregularities which would occur in the operation of I this device as a result of the slight delay in the transmission of the heat through the walls of the boiler, the movement of the I pistonsshould be retarded slightly by some suitable means. I prefer to accomplish this 1 by forming a restricted passage in the pipe leading to one of the cylinders or 7 6.- I

' have indicated, for this purpose, a valve 79 as locatedin the pipe 77 leading to the cylinder 76. 'The valve 79 should be such that iflthe' opening therein may be very nicely regu- .lated. If the pistons were not retardedthey would move too far during the changes in the load and thus cause fluctuations in the pres- For example at an increase in demand for steam the pressure would continue to drop after the furnace temperature had been broughtup to the required amount to. supply the [new demand and, the furnace temperature would be increased beyond the required amount. Then, when the pressure startedto rise it would go beyond the normal degree and cause the istons to return. During each change of t e demand this 0s- 'cillation or huntingiof the temperature and pressure would take place. Byretards ing the operation of the regulating device the pressure will vary through a somewhat wider range during a change but when the furnace temperature has been brought to the .required degree the regulator will stop and the hunting 3 a will be prevented. It will be seenthat the use of this fogm of;regulator uniform pressure will be maintained in the boiler the same for heavy loads as for light loads, and that when the apparatus is inactive it will be automatically maintained in an active conditlon for an mdefinlte period,-or'until the normal pressures 'on the ifu el and water supplies have become dissipated by leakage, or otherwise.

In order to avoid leakage in the regulating device the principle of construction adopted in the thermostat motor may be adopted for the, pistons72 and 78, as indicated in Fig. 6.-

Theconstruction and arrangement used. in

connection with the piston 72 being precisely the, same as that used in connection with piston 58, the description, thereof vneed not be here repeated. v]Er-'ecisely the sameconstruction'may alsobe employed in connection with piston 78, some light liquid being used't'o'convey the air pressure ofoil use the airpi'essurein the cylinder 76 on account of the quickness of action andnicety of control thereby insured; Any of the a heavy oil that escapes past the piston 78 will be collected on the topthereof, together with that which leaks past the piston '72 and-by opening the filling passage '80 in the I top of the piston 78 when the apparatus is. in an inactive condition the oil thus collected, if a sufiiciently thin oil is used, will run back 'into the cylinder '76. The pistons 72 and 78 are preierably not secured togethen A prolongation 81 of the'piston 72 merelyrestson the top of piston'7 8, thus insuring entire freedom from hin'ding in the .the fluid to be he'ated and" ofthe and the generator, andas t lat-ion will be maintained is put in communication with the side of the ports-92by means of one ormore', ports 94;. A piston 95 is fitted to slide freely but closely in cylinder'90 and is adapted y tank to the said piston. I'prefer to arrange the device; vertically, however, and

may

'cated in the pipe 18.

limited by pistons. The rod 73 is carried by the piston v 78 and is secured to the arm 74 of valve 75 by a link'82l B this construction, the open ends of the cy inders 70 and 76 may 'be brought close togethergand the device rendered compact. i

It will be apparent that this device will operateto maintain a substantial1y.predetermined relation between the. supplies of el'for heating the same notwithstanding any variaof the pressure in the generator, it willbe seen-that a substantially redeterminedlrelietween the effective supplies of water and fuel, this relation being sucln thatthe steam will be delivered at a predetermined temperature and pres sure at all times notwithstanding the variations. of demandfor steam.

The flow of the fuel may, ifit is desired,

be regulated by the flow. of fluid through.

the generator and a predetermined relation-L 'betweenthe supplies of the fluid to beheated and the fuel for heatin the same thus main-v tained. In Fig. 7 is illustrated a form of regulatorespecially adapted to be used in connection with the steam delivery pipe 3.

This device consists of a cylinder which communicates through an" open port 91 withv the pipe 3' leading fromtthe boiler, and

throu by a head 93, an that end of the elivery to cover or uncover the ports 92 successively,

a plurality of longitudinally .ar-' 4 range side ports 92 with the portion of the pipe 3 leading to the engine 30. The end of the cylinder op osite the port 91 is closed (l tglinder and in numbers directlyproportioned'to the extent of the movement of the piston 95.

The piston 95 is connected b a rod 96 to the ogratin'g arm 97' ofa va ve 98, vv hich and preferablyis; of the; same con-If struetion, asthat of the valve 75, and is 10'- st-ant and uniform force, which may be de- The piston is impelled in a direction to cover the ports 92 by a cone veloped in any convenient we". as shown,

this force isproduced by .a welght 99 which 1 is adjustably, mounted on an arm 100 as cured to the stem of the valve'98 and ex tendin in a direction opposite to thatof the arm 9 The j movement of the piston 95 any a me lree m under the influence of the weight 99 maybesuitableimeans to maintain g flow of; fuel-when is no. 1

' by the flow of steam therefrom.

- forated .boss 102 of the cylinder head 93. It

steam being drawn from the boiler. The stop shown consists of an adjustable collar 101 adapted to strike the end of the perfollows from this construction that, whenever the pressure exerted on the piston 95 through the port 91 exceeds the pressure on the opposite side of the piston by an amount suflicient to overcome the force of the weight 99 and the friction of the parts, the piston 95 will be so moved as to uncover a sufficient number of the ports 92 to bring the pressure on the op osite side of the piston up so that the di erence in the total pres sures on the opposite sides of the piston is equal to, and active in a direction opposite to, the force produced by the weight 99.

It will thus be seen that a substantially constant and uniform difference in pressure will be maintained on the opposite sides of the piston 95 irrespective of the degree of pres sure of the fluid flowing through the device,

- and irrespective of the amount of the flow,

and that the amount of fluid flowing through the ports 92, and consequently through the pipe 3, will be directly proportionate to the number of the ports uncovered. Since the p movement of the piston 95 and the opening in the valve 98 produced thereby are directly proportional to the number of ports uncovered by the piston, it follows that the flow of fuel. through the valve 98 will be directly proportioned to the flow of fluid through the pipe 3, and that the flow of theone fluid will vary directly as the flow of the other fluid varies, it bein that the pressure of, the uid flowing through the valve 98 is uniform. -A longitudinal slot or a series of longitudinal slots might be provided in place of the multiplicity of successively opened ports 92,- but the latter construction is preferred because it gives a constant and invariable distribution of the lines of flow of the fluid passing through the ports 92, thus insuring a flow which is strictly proportional to the movement of the piston. The device shown in Fig. 7 is equally as well adapted to be operated by the flow of water to the boiler as The arrangement of devices forfeeding the water to the boiler, shown in Fig. 1,

is not adapted to have associatedtherewith a device for regulating the flow of fuel by the flow of water to the boiler, for, although the flow of fuel would also be shut off and the. apparatus would become "inactiver To understood overcome this difiiculty the valve 49 is located in advance of the chamber 35, or in the pipe 40, as shown in Fig. 10 instead of in the pipe 2. The [pressure in the chamber will then correspond to. that inthe boiler.

When this method of feeding "water to the boiler is resorted to, and it is desired to regulate the flow of fuel by the flow of water to the boiler, the form of regulating device shown in Fig. 8 is used in preference to the form of device shown in Fig. 7 L This device is-fully described in itsbest form in my prior application,,.to which reference is made for such complete disclosure. Said device consists, as shown, of a cylinder communicatin by an end port 111 with the portion o the feed pipe 2 leading from the feed chamber 35 and by a side port 112, which is located near the end of the cylinder 110 having the port 111, with the portion of the feed pipe 2 leading to the boiler. A restricted passage 113 is formed in the last mentioned portion of the pipe 2. This passage.113, as shown,

is formed in a casing 114 and between a conical opening: 115 therein and a conical plug 116 adjustably mounted by means of the screw stem 117 in the casing 114 in line with the conical opening 115. By means of the milled wheel 118 carried by the stem 117 the area of the restricted passage 113 ma be variedfas desired. The end of the cylinder 110 opposite the portlll is closed of the piston in that direction, and the pise ton is preferably provided with a yielding abutment 122' adapted to cooperate with the stop 122. The piston 121 is connected by a rod 123 to the operating arm 124 of a valve 125, which is located in the pipe 18. The piston is normally held at the limit of its movement against the stop 122 by a spring 126, which is adjustably secured at one end [to the arm 124, and at the opposite end to the cylinder head 119. The spring'should be such that the force re uired to extend it varies directlywitli the istance to which it is extended, as, for example, an ordinary spiral spring. The valve 125 is. preferably of'the same construction as. that of valve 75. The ports are nicely fitted to avoid leakage andfriction, and the spring 126 is rest against the stop 122 with certainty but with little force, in which position the so'adjusted as to bringthe-piston 121 to flow of fuel keep the apparatus inactive condition. It followsfrom this construction that whenever the pressure in the boiler falls below the pressure in the air chamber 35, as it does when any steam is drawn from the boiler, the piston 121 will be positively moved from its seat against the stop 122, and an open passage will be formed through the regulating device and the pipe 2, through which the feed water a will flowinto. the boiler at a rate correspending with' the rate of flow of steam from the boiler. The flow of water through the restricted passage 113 will then create a difl'eren'cein the pressure of the fluid on opposite sides, of the passage, which difference in pressure will be proportional to the square ofthe rate of flow through the pasproportional to the difierence in whichcausesw it,oyving to the fact t at such 26 "character referredto'. The piston 121 being sage. This difierence in pressure being communicated to opposite sides of the. piston' 121 will cause a movement thereof, the extent of which movement will be directly movement is controlled by a spring of the connected to the valve 125, asdescribed, the

' area. of the openin in the latter will be di- 'rectly proporti'ona to the extent of the movement of the. piston. The vapor in the pipe 18 in advance ofthe valve 125 being V maintained at a uniform pressure, the pres on the burner will v'a .openin' in the talve. he flow of the fuel to the 1 urner will-vary as the square root sure between thev'alve andthe vapor nozzle directly with the of this pressure and will thus be regulated to vary simultaneously and directly with I the flow of water through thepipe 2 to the boiler, and, the adjustments being correct,

. just the amount of heat will be created in "the combustion chamber to vaporize the water fedto the boiler and heat the steam superheat.

thus produced to the desired degree of b When the flow of steam from the boiler isdiminished or stopped the pressure in the same will .instantly rise and diminish or stop the flow of water to the boiler, and the piston .121 will be so moved .theboiler up to the normal amount.

flow, which may for any reason; the piston should fail to move under the influence of'the spring 126 when thefiow of steam is cut ofi, the result:

ing increase of pressure in-the boiler would "create a back flow through the restricted passage 113, and thus cause a'reverse difier ence 1n pressureon the opposite sides of the piston 121, which. would assist the spring '126 to move the same.

If the normal flow isso ad usted bythe stop 122 as to keep the 'nection with the flow of steam from the boiler may be prevented from becoming exdevice.

The means showhponsists of an air; pump 130, which is contlnuousl pressure in the boiler slightly above the normal amount, the back ressure on the piston 121 will act to sl ghtly compress the abutment122 an thus the normal flow of fuel will be-automatically adjusted. "J0 It will be noted that both the devices shown in Figs. 7 and sure entirely" independent of the degree of the" ressure of the fluid flowing through them, ing operated solely by the differential ressures created by these devices in the fluid flowing through them. When either of these devices, is' used in connection with the flow of water to the boiler the pressure therein is preferably reg ulated by the air chamber35 and is limited by the relief valve- 46 of the pump 37. "In

practice, .the pressure in the air chamber 35 is just enough, lower than that maintained in the pump to create a suflicient flow of water through the valve 49- to keep the temperatureof the steam issuing from the boiler down to that at which the thermostat 5 1 is set to operate. When either of the devices illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8 is used .in con boiler, the arrangement last described of the valve 49 may be used. When the arrangementv of the valve 49', first described, and shown in Fig. 1 is used, the pressure in the Y 9 5 cessive by means of an ordinary relief valve indicated at 128 in Fig. 1. Thefuel in the supply reservoir 15 is preferably maintained under a uniform pressure of, say 30 lbs. per square inch, as the flow of fuel may be more accurately regulated under a heavy pressure than under a light one.; By this, means also, a somewhat hi her pressure than usual maybe maintaine at the vapor nozzle of the'mixing tube, thus insuring the 1 right pro ortions in the'mixture of air and vapor wi out unduly enlar 'ng the mixing a The ressure on t e .fuel supply may be maintained by any convenient means.

I operated by the-- engine 30, and preferably y the same crank that operates the feed pump. The pump 130 consists of a cylinder, 131,'in the bore of which the plunger132 is continuously -.operated. The. bore-of the cylinder 131mmmunicateswith a valve chamber 133, which is located the spring pressed inlet valve 134'. The outlet valve 135 is located in a passage leading from the valve chamber 15 0 v1 33 to the-supply-pipe 136 which communicates with the reservoir 15, and by the branch pipe 77 withthe cylinder 76 of the regulating-device shown in Fig. 6, when that form of. device is employed. The outlet 125 valve 135 is heldto its seat by an adjustably retained compression spring 137.. The inlet port "133. is preferably provided with a screen 123. The valvelchamber 133 is closed by a screw plug-124? which may be screwed into the chamber more or less to vary the. size thereof. It will be seen that the pump l will force air into the pipe 136 until the pressure therein, together with the force of the-spring; 137 equals the maximum pressure that can be created by thedisplacement of the plunger 132 in the clearance space formed by the chamber 133. The pressure that is maintained in the'pipe 136 and the tank 15 be varied by varying the size of the chamber 133, or by varying the tension of the spring 137, or by varying both said adjustments. An ordinary 'air pump may, of course, be used in Connection with a relief valve indicated at 138 in Fig. 1, but the form of pump described is preferred as by this construction, a pump having an abundant capacity may be employed without waste of energy. F

It is to be observed that each of the forms.

of flow regulating devices shown and described tends to maintain a predetermined relation between the flow of fuel and the the flowgof one of the fluidstends to automatically vary that predetermined relation so that the steam or vapor is delivered at a substantially uniform temperature. In accordance with the invention of this application the thermostatic device is constructed to act on the flow of the liquid to the vaporizer, this being the particular embodiment of the broader invention claimed in my prior application referred to. The degree of the temperature at which the steam or vapor is delivered may be varied by adjusting the tension of the spring 65 which controls the valve 49, or by putting different kinds of fluid in the receptacle 5 y 1 -3 Fig. 10, whether either form of the regulating device shown in Figs. 7 and 8 is used,

bining the flow regulating and thermostatic devices as described the apparatus is enabled to supply steam uniformly at any desired degree of superheat. Y

The operation of my apparatus in its various forms when in active condition will be understood from the description that has already been given. It only remains to describe the operation of starting the apparatus up or putting it in active condition. \Vith the apparatus. arranged, as first described, and as shown in Fig. 1, a small quantity of naphtha or a similar fluid is poured into the trough 24 through a suitable opening in the casing 27, indicated at 139 in Fig. 1. .This liquid being ignited vaporizes the small quantity of fuel'remain ing from the previous operation in the coil 17 and in the pipe 21. The. valve 140 in the oil supply pipe- 16 is then opened and the valve 22 is opened sufiiciently tomaintain the vaporization of the fuel inthe coil 17 and pipe 21. A small'amount of pressure is then created in the fuel reservoir. 15 if none remains from the previous operatlon. This may be done by any suitable means as by the hand pump 140'. This pressure is communicated to the regulating device and causes the same to hold the valve 75 fully open, thus permitting the full flow of vapor to the burner -10, where it will be ignited by the flame from the auxiliary burner 20. Assuming now thata small quantity at least, of water remains in the boiler from the previous operation thereof, it will be quickly vaporized or part of it will, and a pressure will be created in the boiler which will be proportional to the pressure that has been created on the fuel supply by the pump 140,, the regulating device being 0 erated by these pressures the same as by t e normal boiler pressure. Assuming that this pressureis sufficient to start the engine 30, and if it is not, it may readily be increased by operating the pump 140, when the engine is started the pump 130 will rapidly bring the pressure on the fuel supply up to the normal amount and, by the operation of the regulator, the boiler pressure will be simultaneously brought up to its-normal amount. At the same time the pump 37 will bring the pressure in the air chamber 35 up to its normal amount, and then the apparatus will be in complete operative condition. If it is desired to stop the engine temporarily, it may be done by simply closing the throttle valve 141-and without further attention the apparatus will remain inactive but in an active condition as long as substantially any a pressure remains in the reservoir 15. To put the apparatus out of active condition it is only necessary to close the valve 141, and preferably, also the valve 22.

\Vith the apparatus arranged as shown in and whether the regulating device is arranged-to be operated by the flow of water to the boiler or .by the flow of steam thereby either of said forms of regulating device is normally closed, and in order to get up steam very quickly a little pressure may be put "upon the fuel supply by the hand pump if no pressure remains from the previous operation. As soon as the pressure in the boiler is sufficient to operate the engine, the latter may be started, whereupon the pressure in the chamber 35 will be immediately established, and the by-pass being then closed, the apparatus will be in full operative condition. If the engine is stopped at any time without otherwise manipulating the apparatus, the latter'will be rendered inactive, but it will remain in an active condition as long as there is sufiicient -p1:essure on the fuel supply to keep the pressure in the boiler-up to a degree sufiicient to operate theengine. The apparatus may; be put out of active condition by clos-,

ing the valves 140, and 22.

Among the many advantages v derived from the use of my invention, the following may be mentioned: Anapparatus for gcncrating steam is provided, which is very efficient and flexible inits adaptability to adjust itself to greatly varying loads and which at the same time occupies a small space in proportion to the energy generated,

and is absolutely safepeven" in thehands-of the inexperienced, because little or no reserve energy in the form'of a body of highly heated liquid, under great pressure is used, thus avoiding the great danger which accompanies the use of reserve,energy in that form; Moreover, the apparatus does not depend on the employment, of reserve 'energy in the. form of a highly heated mass .of

ness "or superheat.

apparatus also results from'the rapidity of" circulation of the vapor producing substance 'in the vaporizer.

bility of calcareous deposits in the vaporizer,'

izer'; and to the accurate re fuel the vaporizer is not llable to injury metal, or other substance, thus avoiding the unreliability, lack of economy and short life of the apparatus, which results from the use of reserve energy in thatforin' My invention itVOldS also, the lnconvenlence both as to bulk 'or weight of apparatus, and as to the lack of adaptability in the same to quickly adjust itself to varying loads, which -is inherently associated with active reserve energy in any form. It isto be noted also,

that, in the form of apparatus illustrated by way of example in the drawings, the level of the water or other vapor producing substance in the vaporizer is automatically regu lated and held at such point as gives the most efiicient steam production, having regard to the conditions of pressure and dry- Great efficiency in the There is also small liaowing to the rapidity of circulation therein.

Owing, also, to the eflicient distribution of the vapor producing substance in the vaporlation of the from fov'er heating, .nor is the machinery liableto injury from-the'sa e cause. The apparatus,moreover, requiresvery little attention and 'may be leftinactive for a considerable space of-time without heed, and without getting out'of an activecondition.

Although my invention in-manyof its features is useful for many purposes,-it is of peculiar value and importancewhen employed for the generation of steam for power purposes," and particularly in situations where the demand for power varies greatly and thevariations are sudden and irregular, as is the case in the propulsion of street cars, automobiles, torpedo boats, launches, etc. a

My invention is not confined to=the par ticular torm ofv apparatus shown and described, as many 'changesand modifications other than those which have been rioted may be made therein to adapt it to varying con- 1 dit-ions and uses Without departing from the principles or scope thereof, andmany such changes will readily suggest themselvesto those skilled in the art generally, and particularly to those skilled in the particular branch of the art to which the application 'of my invention'is contemplated; i

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an apparatus for heating fluid, the

combination with a' receptacle for the fluid to be heated, means for maintaining a "supply of the fluid to be heated under a predetermined pressure, means for admitting said fluid to said receptacle, means for supplying a fluid heating agent to heat said receptacle, means tending to maintain a redetermined relation between the flow o the heating agentand the flowlof the fluid being heated, and means constructed to controlthe admission of the fluidto be heated to the receptacle and to be rendered operative by'variations in the temperature of theheated fluid,

whereby-*the heated fluid maybe supplied control the admission of the fluid to be heated to the receptacle and to be rendered operative by variations in the temperature of the heated fluid, whereby theheatedfihid .may be supplied'at a substantially uniform temperature.

3. In a steam or vapor generatorfthe combination with a vaporizer and a fluid fuel burner for heating the same; of meansfor ized under a predetermined pressure, means for admitting said liduid to the vaporizer, means for supplying a fiuid jfuel to said' burner, means tending to In aintaina i predeterminedrelation between/theflowbfthe fuel and-theflb'w of fluid through-the: vapor1zer,* and "means constructed ftocontrol' the admission of. theliquid to the vaporizer maintaining a supply of'liquidto be vapor-" and to be'rendered operative by variations 1n the temperature ofth'e vaporizedf fluid," whereby the steam or vapor may be supplied.

at a substantially uniform temperature,"

4. In a steam or vapor generator, the combination with a vaporizer and afluid fuel burner for heating the same, of means for maintaining a supply of liquid to be vaporized under a predetermined pressure, means for admitting said liquid tothe vaporizer, means for supplying a fluid fuel to said burner, means for regulating the flow of fuel by variations in the pressure of the vaporized fluid, and means constructed to control the admission of the liquid to the vaporizer and to be rendered operative by variations inthe temperature of the vaporized fluid, whereby the steam or vapor may be supplied atv a substantially uniform temperature.

' '5. In a steamorvapor generator, the combinationwith a vaporizer and a fluid fuel burner for heating the same, of means for maintaining a supply of liquid to be vaporized under a predetermined pressure, means foradmitting said liquid to the vaporizer, means for supplying a fluid fuel to said burner, means tending to maintain a pre-- determined relation between the flow o the fuel and the flow of fluid through the vaporizer, and means comprising a saturated vapor-tension thermostat constructed to control the admission of the liquid to the vaporlzer and to be rendered operative by. variations in the temperature of the vaporized fluid, whereby the steam or vapor may be supplied at a'substantially uniform tempera ture;

6. In a steam generator, the combination with a boiler and a fluid fuel burner for heating the same, of means for maintaining a supply of feed water for the boiler under a pressure greater than that intheboiler,

means for admitting the feed Waterto the boiler, means for' supplying, a fluid fuel to said burner, means tending to maintain a predetermined relation between the flow of the fuel and the flow of fluid through the boiler, and means constructed to control the admission of the feed Water to thezboiler and to be rendered operative by variations in. the temperature of the steam, whereby the steam may besupplied at a substantially uniform temperature.

in the boiler, means for admitting the feed 7. In a steam generator, the-combination with aboiler and a fluid fuel burner for heatlng the same, of means for maintaining -a supply of feed water for the boiler under apredetermined pressure greater than that water to thebo'iler, means for supplying a fluid fuel to s'aidburner, means for regulating the flow of the fuel by variations in the pressure of the steam, and means constructed tocontrol the admission of the feed Water to the boiler and to' be rendered operative 'by' variations in the temperature of the steam, whereby the steam may be supplied at a substantially uniform temperature.

V 8.. In a st-eanigeneratOr, the combination with a boiler and a fluid fuel burner for a saturate heating the same, of means for maintaining a supply of feed water for the'boiler under a pressure greater than that in the boiler, means foradmitting the feed,water.

to the boiler, means for supplying a fluid fuel to .said burner, means for regulating the flow of the fuel by variations in the pressure of' the steam such. that the flow of the fuel varies direct y and in the same degree as the flow of fluid through the boiler heating the same, of means for maintaining a supply of feed water for the boiler under a pressure greater than that in the boiler, means for admitting :the feed water" to the boiler, means for supplylng a fluid fuel to said burner, means tending to main- ,tain a predetermined relation between the .flow of the fuel and the flow of fluid through the boiler, and means'comprising vapor tension thermostat con: structed to control the admission of the feed water to the boiler andto be rendered operative by variations in the temperature of the steam, whereby the steam may be supplied at a substantially uniform temperature;

, 10. In an apparatus for producing superheated steam, the combination with a boiler, a superheater, and a.fluid fuel burner for heating said parts, of means for maintain- .ing a supply of feed water \for saidboiler .under a pressure greater than that in the,

boiler, means for admitting the feed water to the boiler, means for supplying, afluid fuel to said burner, means tending to main-- tain a predetermined relation between the .flow of the fuel and the flow of fluid through the boiler, and means constructed to control the admission'of .the feed water to the boiler and to be rendered operative by variations in thetemperature ofthe superheated steam, whereby the superheated steam -may be supplied at a substantially uniform temperature.

11.1In an apparatus for producingsuperheated steam, the combination with a b01181}, a superheater, and a fluid fuel burner,f or heating said parts, of means for maintaming a supply of feed water for said boiler under a pressure. greater than that in 'the boiler, means for admitting the feed Water to the boiler, means for sup lying a fluid fuel to said burner, means or regulating the flow of the fuel by variation in the pressure of the steam, and means constructed to control the admission of the feed water to the boiler and to be rendered operative by variations in the temperature of the superheated steam, whereby the superheated steam may supplied at a substantially uniform temperature.

12., In an apparatus forproducing superheated steam, the combination with a bo ler, a superheater; anda fluid fuel burner for heating saidparts, of means for maintaining a supply of feed water for said boiler funderflcav pressure greater than that in the beiler, meansfor admittingthe feed water h to the boiler means for sup lying a fluid fuel to said burner, means i p or regulating the flow of the fuel by variations in the pressure of the steam, and means comprislng. a saturated vapor tension thermostatconstructed to controlthe admission of. the

feed water" to the boiler and to be rendered loperative byvariations in the temperature of the superheated steam.

, 13. In an apparatus for heating fluids,

the combination with a receptacl for the fluid to be heated, of means for creating a vflow of fluid through said receptacle, means for supplying a fluid heating agent to heat said receptacle, means for regulating the flow of one fluid constructed to be rendered operative by variations inthe pressure of the other fluid, and means for retarding the operation of said regulating means, substantially as described. p

14.. In an apparatus for heating fluids, the combination with, a receptacle for then fluid to be heated, ofmeans for creating a regulating means, substantially as described.

. 15. In a steam or vapor generator, the combination with, a vaporizer and a fluid fuel burner for .heatin the same, of means for supplying the liquid to be vaporized to said vaporizer, means for'supplying a fluid fuel to said burner, means for regulating the flow of the fuel constructed to be rendered. operative by variations in the pressure ofthe vaporized fluid, and adjustable meansfor retarding the operation of said regulating means, substantially as described.

16. In a steam or vapor generator, the combination with a .vaporizer and a fluid fuel burner for heating the same, of means for supplying the liquid to be vaporized to said vaporizer, means for supplying a fluid fuel to said burner and to maintain such relation between the flowof fuel and the flow of fluid through the vaporizer that one varies directly and in the same degree as the other varies, means for regulating the flow of the fuel constructed to be rendered operative by variations in the pressure of the vaporized fluid, and adjustable means for retarding the operation of said regulating means,substantially as described.

17. In an apparatus for producing superheated steam r other'vapor, the combination with a vaporizer, a'superheater, and a fluid fuel burner for heating said parts, of

means for supplying liquid to the vaporizer, means for maintaining a supply of fluid fuel for said burner, means for regulating the flow of the fuel constructed to be rendeped operative by variations in the pressure of the steam or vapor, and adjustable means for retarding the operation of said regulating means, substantially as described.

18. In an apparatus for producin superheated steam or other vapor, the com ination' with a boiler having a generating space and a steam space, and a fluid fuel burner for heating both parts of said boiler, of means for regulating the flow of fuel to said burner constructed to be rendered operative by variations in the p'ressurein said boiler, and adjustable means for retarding the operation of said regulating means, substantially as described.

19. In an apparatus for producing superheated steam or other vapor, the'combinafor heating both parts of said boiler, of means for regulating the flow of fuel to said tion with a boiler having a generating space and a steam space, and a fluid fuel burner I burner constructed. to be rendered operative by variations in the pressure in said boiler, and to maintain such relation between the flow of the fuel and the flow of fluid through said boiler that one varies directly and in the same degree as the other varies,

tially as described. Y 20. A device for maintaining a proportion between the flow ofa fluid and the flow of a fluid heating agent for heating the same, comprising a piston motor exposed and adjustable means for retarding the op- 7 eration of said regulating means, SllbStflIlr to the pressure of the heated fluid, means for I ingfa uniform fluid pressure upon said con .trolhng piston, means for restricting the communication between said controlling piston and the" supply of fluid pressure there for, means for controlling'the flow of the the flow of the heatheating agent, and connections between said motor and said controlling means, substantially as described.

22. An apparatus for generating superheated steam including in combination, a

combined generator and superheater comprising a continuous passage in which the water is gradually heated to the temperature of vaporization, gradually vaporized and superheated, a burner for heating the same, means for supplying water'to one end.

described.

23. An apparatus for generating superheated steam including in combination, a

H combined generator and, superheater comprisin a continuous passage in which the water is gradually heated to the temperature of vaporization, gradually vaporized and superheated, a burner for heating the same,

#a pump for supplying water to the generator, a pump for supplying a fluid fuel to the burner, means rendered operative by variations in one condition of the fluid i:

the generator for varying the supply 0 water, and means rendered operative by va riat-ions in another condition of the fluid i: the generator for varying the supply of fue 24. An apparatus for generating supei heated steam including in combination, combined, generator and superheater coir prising a continuous passage in which th water is gradually heated to the tempers ture of vaporization, gradually vaporize and superheated, a burnertfor heating t-h same, a pump for supplying water to on end of the. generator passage, a pump to supplying a fluid fuel to'the burner, mear rendered operative by variations in the pres sure of the fluid in the generator for var;

.ing theisupply of fuel, and means rendere o erative y variations in the temp eratul o the superheated steam at a point near th other end of the tgenerator passage for varj ing the supply 0 water, substantially as d( scribed.

In testimony whereof, I have signed m name to this specification, in the presence c two subscribing witnesses.

EDWARD CQNEWCOMB.

Witnesses: i I 7 J. H. FREEMAN, Enwm SEGER. 

